independent ADVOCACY.

In late April, Ben Guthrie attended a seminar hosted by the The Copyright Society of Australia about Generative AI and Author Remuneration. The seminar included presentations and discussion by visiting academic Professor Martin Senftleben and Associate Professor Rita Matulionyte, both of whom are experts in copyright law and how it relates to the burgeoning field of generative artificial intelligence. 

The seminar considered the practicalities of different ways of generating remuneration for copyright owners when their work is used by generative AI. There are currently two vastly different approaches being considered by legal experts around the world: one option would seek payment at the time of training an AI system (inputs) and the other would involve receipt of payment by copyright holders at each moment when an AI output is generated. Pros and cons of each of these approaches were discussed. Generally, the discussion seemed to suggest that while obtaining licenses and payment at the time of input might result in a distribution of income that more clearly and fairly benefits each actual and specific copyright owner, such an approach would likely be very difficult to police/manage due to lack of transparency and also problems with making financial distributions to an incredibly large pool of individual copyright holders. The discussion also broached the problems that might result between different international jurisdictions having different laws around AI training and remuneration and how that might negatively impact AI take-up in jurisdictions where laws were deemed prohibitive by AI businesses. It was then considered that the alternative approach that would see copyright owners remunerated at the time of output would avoid jurisdiction-specific problems, and almost certainly require distribution of funds via national/public collecting agencies, with the resultant payments likely being much smaller for each individual use and also being distributed equally amongst all relevant copyright holders regardless of how much (if any) of their work may have been originally used for AI training purposes. 

Other topics that were discussed included probable requirements around technical and legal mechanisms to permit copyright holders to either opt-in or opt-out of collective remuneration programs, as well as the ability to opt-in or opt-out of making digital work available to AI training systems. 

Comfortingly, there was a clear and general agreement by both speakers that copyright holders should be remunerated when their content is used to train AI systems that have a potential to significantly affect right holders' commercial markets, regardless of whether the training occurred in the past, present or future. Compulsory/statutory licensing is generally considered as being the way forward, but licensing schemes should be transparent, effective and fair for all stakeholders. 

Watch this space as this topic of discussion continues to evolve.

Image Makers Association Australia was invited by the Federal Attorney-General’s Department to be a member of the Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Reference Group (CAIRG), as announced by the Attorney-General, the Hon Mark Dreyfus KC MP, on 5 December 2023.

The first meeting of the group was held in February 2024. The initial focus covered the use of inputs and data that are used to train AI models. After work on inputs has progressed, the department proposes the CAIRG consider issues relating to outputs.

Image Makers Association Australia continues to advocate at these meetings for the rights of image-makers to be upheld with particular emphasis on the need for owners of AI systems to ensure that all material used as inputs for their businesses is licensed in accordance with applicable copyright laws. You can read our response HERE.

The Australian Government consultation hub sought views on how the Australian Government can mitigate any potential risks of AI and support safe and responsible AI practices.

AI is already improving many aspects of our lives. But the speed of innovation in AI could pose new risks, which creates uncertainty and gives rise to public concerns.

Australia has strong foundations to be a leader in responsible AI. We have world-leading AI research capabilities and are early movers in the trusted use of digital technologies. Australia established the world’s first eSafety Commissioner in 2015 to safeguard Australian citizens online and was one of the earliest countries to adopt a national set of AI Ethics Principles. The consultation will help ensure Australia continues to support responsible AI practices to increase community trust and confidence.

On 4 December 2023, the Attorney-General, Mark Dreyfus KC MP chaired the fourth and final roundtable on copyright for the year in Canberra. This roundtable was attended by Vice President Ben Guthrie.

Participants reflected on the outcomes of previous roundtables and potential next steps on each of the 5 reform issues discussed in detail this year, should the government decide to take them forward.

The Attorney-General announced that the government will establish a copyright and AI reference group as an outcome from the roundtables.

A summary of the meeting is HERE.

This roundtable was attended by Vice President Ben Guthrie who participated in conversations relating to Image Makers. The meeting included a session on day one covering the implications of artificial intelligence on copyright, and then on day two a discussion of issues relating to the definition of ‘broadcast’.

At this meeting with government we advocated for maintaining and strengthening the rights of our members, using data collected from our recent survey on AI.

A summary of the meeting is available HERE.

Image Makers Association Australia prepared a response to the 'Supporting responsible AI: discussion paper’ for the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. In preparing our submission we conducted a survey of our members and other commercial photographers on their opinions on how emerging AI technology is impacting their photography businesses. The vast majority of topics canvassed therein relate to copyright.

View the response submitted HERE.

Image Makers Association Australia was invited by the Attorney General’s department to contribute to the second Ministerial Roundtable on Copyright in June 23 run over two half-days.

The session focused on

• a limited liability scheme for the use of orphan works (that is, where the copyright owner cannot be found)

• quotation from copyright material

• use of copyright material in remote learning environment

Vice President Ben Guthrie attended and participated in conversations relating to Image Makers.

A summary of the meeting is available HERE

Led by Ben Guthrie, our volunteer committee spent significant effort preparing a survey of photographers throughout Australia, allowing us to provide data and an informed responseto the Government Copyright Enforcement Review public consultation process.

The Government Copyright Enforcement Review addressed questions around challenges in relation to Copyright Infringement and the economic impact on businesses.

Our submission provides an indication of how the broader photographic community is being affected by copyright infringement and some proposed changes to the current enforcement mechanisms.